Did you know that Egypt observes over 10 official public holidays annually, making it one of the more holiday-rich business environments in the Middle East? With a workforce of over 29 million people and an economy ranked as Africa's second largest at $435.6 billion GDP, understanding when and why Egyptian businesses pause operations isn't just helpful—it's essential for your bottom line.
The Egyptian business calendar presents a fascinating blend of ancient traditions and modern commerce. Consider this: during Ramadan, which spans roughly 30 days in 2025, business productivity typically shifts as 90% of the population observes fasting. Working hours often reduce by 25%, with many businesses operating from 9 AM to 3 PM instead of the usual 9 AM to 5 PM schedule.
For international businesses, the impact is significant. During major holidays like Eid al-Fitr, the Cairo Stock Exchange—which handles an average daily trading volume of $45 million—closes for up to four consecutive days. Supply chains experience similar pauses, with port operations at Alexandria (handling over 60% of Egypt's international trade) operating at reduced capacity during national celebrations.
This guide provides a clear overview of the key working day considerations for Egyptian businesses.
Egypt's holiday calendar reflects its rich cultural heritage, combining Islamic, Coptic Christian, and secular observances. These celebrations significantly impact businesses operating, government services, and daily life throughout the year. Knowing when to expect closures or reduced hours will help you plan effectively, especially for critical working day operations like business meeting scheduling and project timeline planning.
New Year's Day – January 1st, 2025
The country begins the Gregorian calendar year with nationwide celebrations and business closures. Essential services maintain limited operations, and businesses will likely be closed for the day. Keep in mind that, similar to Labor Day in the United States, this holiday is a time for relaxation and reflection for many Egyptians.
Revolution Day and National Police Day – January 25th, 2025
A pivotal moment in modern Egyptian history, commemorating the 2011 revolution. Government offices and many businesses observe this day with full closure.
Sinai Liberation Day – April 25th, 2025
This national holiday celebrates the 1982 restoration of Egyptian sovereignty over the Sinai Peninsula. Expect government offices and some businesses to close.
Labor Day – May 1st, 2025
A celebration of workers' rights and contributions, marked by nationwide business closures. Similar to the Labor Day parade in the United States, this day recognizes the labor movement, honoring the contributions of Egypt workers and their global counterparts.
Revolution Day – June 30th, 2025
Commemorating the 2013 protests, this day typically sees reduced business operations and government services.
Revolution Day – July 23rd, 2025
One of Egypt's most significant national holidays, marking the 1952 revolution. Plan for widespread business closures.
Victory Day – October 6th, 2025
Commemorating Egypt's 1973 military victory, this holiday sees nationwide celebrations and business closures.
(Dates are approximate due to lunar calendar variations)
Islamic New Year – July 2nd, 2025
Marking the beginning of the Islamic year 1447 AH. Expect reduced business hours and some closures.
Mawlid al-Nabi – September 14th, 2025
Celebrating Prophet Muhammad's birth, this holiday typically results in business closures and festive gatherings.
Ramadan – March 1st to March 31st, 2025
The holy month of fasting affects business hours and operations throughout its duration. Many businesses operate on reduced hours, typically 6 hours per day, and adjust work schedules to accommodate the fasting.
Eid al-Fitr – March 30th to April 1st, 2025
A three-day celebration marking Ramadan's end. Expect complete business closures.
Eid al-Adha – June 8th to June 10th, 2025
A three-day festival with widespread business and government closures.
Coptic Christmas – January 7th, 2025
A significant holiday for Egypt's Coptic Christian community, affecting business operations nationwide.
Coptic Easter – April 20th, 2025
Many businesses observe shortened hours or closures, particularly in areas with large Coptic populations.
Understanding these holidays is crucial for:
Since Egyptian holidays like Labor Day or Eid celebrations may extend for several days, be sure to build holiday-related delays into supply chain timelines and plan accordingly for employees to work around these dates.
Q: How do Egyptian holiday closures affect international business operations?
A: Government offices and many private businesses close completely during major holidays. Plan for delayed responses and extended processing times for official documents and transactions, similar to the impact of national holidays such as Labor Day weekend in the United States.
Q: Are banks open during Egyptian holidays?
A: Banks typically close during all official holidays. International banking transactions may experience delays around these dates, so make sure to adjust your business schedule accordingly.
Q: How long do businesses typically close for Eid celebrations?
A: Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha usually result in 3-5 days of business closures, including official and unofficial extension days. Prepare for reduced business operations during these periods.
Q: What are business hours like during Ramadan?
A: During Ramadan, many businesses operate on reduced hours, typically 6 hours per day. Some may close earlier than usual, particularly during the afternoon to allow time for breaking the fast.
Q: Do international companies need to observe all Egyptian holidays?
A: While not legally required to close for all holidays, international companies typically observe major national and religious holidays to align with local customs and employee expectations. Just as public holiday observance is important in the United States, understanding Egypt’s holiday schedule fosters respect and smoother operations.
For specific guidance on navigating Egyptian holidays or other international business matters, contact TCWGlobal at hello@tcwglobal.com.
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